Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a methodology that focuses on the underlying thought processes and beliefs that shape our perceptions, our emotional and intellectual responses to events, and therefore our behavior.
There are a variety of treatment models within the CBT framework, but typically the therapy involves active engagement by the client and therapist in a process of identifying distorted, irrational or self-defeating thought patterns, and modifying or replacing these with more reasonable and adaptive thoughts. The objective is to help clients develop the cognitive skills that will allow them to, for example, effectively manage anxiety, offset depressive mood, or tolerate feared activities and situations. The outcome then is positive behavioral change.
CBT is also a counseling model frequently used with children who present with depression, impulse control or anger management problems. For example, through a discussion of their feelings and outlook on life, children with depressive symptoms might come to recognize the excessively negative and therefore self-defeating thought patterns they have embraced. Or through an examination of problem incidents overly aggressive children might come to see how they are falsely attributing a hostile intent to a neutral playground encounter. In treatment, children with impulsive behaviors can develop the ability to pause after an impulse and consider alternative options before reacting.
Another hallmark of CBT is the frequent use of "homework," such as using a form to chart the frequency, intensity, and associated thoughts in anxiety provoking situations. Also, CBT is often planned as a short-term treatment model.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has established a substantial record of research-based effectiveness in the treatment of psychiatric disorders ranging from anxiety disorders (panic disorders and phobias), bipolar disorder, personality disorders, eating disorders, and substance use disorders.